5 Threats in Embedded Projects – How to Navigate Them?

The tech industry faces significant hurdles related to the availability of components, especially microcontrollers. Recent years have seen major disruptions in the supply chain, causing shortages of vital electronic chips. Many companies are affected as specialists exit the microcontroller manufacturing sector, complicating production. Additionally, manufacturers often phase out specific chips, with some disappearing entirely. In this context, updating outdated drivers, some of which are over three decades old, becomes essential to accommodate currently produced alternatives for retired components. The sudden disappearance of so many chips has caught many off guard, leading to production delays and rising costs. The industry must seek innovative solutions and swiftly adapt to the ever-changing market for electronic components. 

Software porting stands out as a major challenge in embedded projects. Many rely on legacy technologies where the code isn’t modular. This complicates transitions to new hardware platforms. When hardware evolves, engineers often must rewrite substantial parts of the code, increasing costs and extending timelines. The ease of software portability hinges on the isolation of the hardware abstraction layer (HAL) from the application. "Investing in robust software architecture is vital for flexibility and quick adaptation to market shifts. Unfortunately, chaotic code structures—where user interface elements are tightly coupled with hardware logic—lead to "spaghetti code," making porting not only more difficult but also riskier", warns Adam Łutkowski, Software Specialist at Etteplan. 

Embedded systems projects encounter numerous challenges in adhering to standards and certifications. Keeping certifications up to date can be daunting, especially when previous documentation firms have been acquired or shut down. Collaboration with new teams becomes essential to recreate necessary documentation per IEC standards. For instance, clients launching products must meet electromagnetic compatibility (EMC and EMI) standards, which entails conducting specific tests and securing certifications. Addressing interference issues often necessitates software adjustments and lab testing, posing a challenge for startups with limited resources. At Etteplan, we’ve established a state-of-the-art testing lab equipped with an EMC chamber. "We can perform tests for devices across various sectors, including medical and automotive," shares Daniel Rogóż, Director of Embedded Solutions at Etteplan Poland. Medical devices undergo stringent testing due to their significant impact on patients and healthcare professionals, who are more sensitive to potential side effects. 

Time constraints are a constant in embedded projects. Clients demand swift product delivery, which can lead to bypassing essential tests and compliance with standards. A well-coordinated project team that effectively manages time and resources is crucial. Investing in training for code reviews and testing processes can help avoid costly mistakes and potential project failures. 

In the realm of embedded projects, security threats are a pressing concern, particularly for critical infrastructure reliant on outdated drivers. Many devices lack firmware updates, rendering them susceptible to attacks. Hackers can exploit security vulnerabilities to gain access to management centers and directly to embedded devices connected to public networks. "Despite improved security standards, inadequately secured industrial and consumer devices still circulate in the market. Some manufacturers halt support, leading to a lack of updates, even for those flagged by vulnerability researchers. Implementing a layered, forward-thinking security approach is vital to minimize the risk of serious incidents arising from even minor vulnerabilities," emphasizes Mateusz Pieczek, Software Specialist at Etteplan. 

Managing embedded projects is a multifaceted endeavor filled with challenges. To navigate threats that could hinder success, it’s wise to tap into the expertise of specialists across various fields. Understanding standards and certifications, executing proper coding practices, updating devices, and sourcing component replacements requires specialized knowledge. At Etteplan, we boast over 4,000 experts who complement each other's skills, enabling us to create optimal solutions. "Of course, fully outsourcing services comes with risks. We mitigate these by forming teams of our experts alongside client personnel, fostering a secure environment for development," concludes Mateusz Osada, Department Manager of Hardware at Etteplan Poland.